The Arab Foundation for the Support of Civil Society and Human Rights issued its annual report on the state of protests in Egypt during 2025, recording a total of 242 protests with political, social, labor, and human rights demands. This averages 4.65 protests per week, nearly five weekly, representing the highest protest rate during the year. April and July saw the most protests with 51 (21.07%) and 44 (18.18%) respectively, followed by March with 21 protests (8.67%) and May with 20 (8.26%).
: Geographical distribution
Protests occurred in 24 out of 27 governorates (88.8%), with no protests recorded in Monufia, Beni Suef, or South Sinai. Cairo led with 106 protests (43.8%), followed by Giza 28 (11.57%), Sharqia 14 (5.78%), Alexandria 13 (5.37%), and Qalyubia 11 (4.54%). Aswan recorded 8 (3.3%), while Arish, Suez, and North Sinai each recorded 6 (2.47%), Fayoum 5 (2.06%), Beheira 4 (1.65%), and Dakahlia, Minya, Sohag, Qena, and Ismailia 3 protests each (1.23%).
:Forms of protest
Stand-ins: 91 (37.6%) ،Hunger strikes: 48 (19.83%), mostly by prisoners and their relatives ، Work stoppages: 27 (11.15%، Assemblies/demonstrations: 17 (7.02%) ، Sit-ins at workplaces: 12 (4.95%) ، Appeals and petitions: 12 (4.95%)
:Actors involved
Labor protests: 71 (largest group)
Lawyers: 50 (20.66%)
Prisoners: 48 (19.83%), mainly via hunger strikes in Badr, New Valley, Borg El-Arab, and Mansoura prisons
Prisoners’ families: 6 (2.47%) demanding release or presidential pardons
Local communities: 20 (8.26%)
Opposition political groups: 11 (4.54%)
: Protest demands
Prisoners’ rights: 48 protests (19.83%), including access to visits, medical care, and minimum living standards
Release of prisoners of conscience and activists, including journalists and pro-Palestinian detainees; presidential pardons demanded in 28 protests (11.57%)
Labor rights: 80 protests (33.05%)
Community demands: 15 protests (5.37%), including 11 against forced evictions
: In conclusion, the report emphasized a number of recommendations, the most important of which are
Respect the right to peaceful assembly as guaranteed under Article 72 of the Egyptian Constitution.
Provide regulatory mechanisms allowing organizers to notify the police of planned protests.
Remove practical obstacles imposed on the exercise of assembly rights by judicial or police authorities.
Respect the right to peacefully gather in designated areas without prior notification, as stipulated in Law 107/2013 and its executive regulations.
Prevent security forces from assaulting demonstrators and ensure legal warnings are issued first.
Stop arresting citizens exercising their rights to peaceful assembly and protest.
..Amend Law 107/2013 to ensure the effective practice of peaceful assembly in accordance with international human rights standards.
